By security



E. W. CLARK, DECD.

SECURITY TRUSI & SAVINGS BANK, EXECUTOR. ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE.

APPLICATION FILED DECJG. I921.

Reissum'l June 27, 1922. 15, 393.

Izvuzvvron.

Jaau' 75*,mx16jeukzgrlfazi TURNER, ALL 0]? LOS .ANGELES, CALIFORNIA,

ARTICLE or MANmi'AcTURE.

reissue filed December 16,

To all whom it may con/cam Be it known that EDWARD T; CL RK, deceased, late a citizen of the United States, residingat Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State ot' California, has invented new and useful Improvements in Articles of Manufacture, of which the following is aspecification.

y invention relatesto an article of manufacture generally and particularly to piston v for internal combustion engines as an article of manufacture and: methods for manufacthe main object of this invention. is to providea piston 01 minimum weight and maximum efficiency, formed as an integral structure of cast metal preferably of cast iron and internally reinforced so as to render the head incapable of breakage in ordinary usage'dueto the shock of the .gas explosions in the cylinder.

Ithas been demonstrated in practice that in internal combustion engines: principally,

the stroke being comparatively short, a con= s ider-able amount of vibration isset up by the operations of the pistons, and it is an object of this invention to eliminate as much as.- possible '-'ot' a light weight tinned, thus considerably lessening the en 7 .tion of the crank shaft by decreasing the such vibration by providing piston of the character menel 'gy expended by the engine at each revolu- "weight 'of the pistons which are lifted there 'fou'r cylinder engines engines, as in the latterthe stroke is longer is more apparent in This advantage than in six cylinder and the vibration is normally less.

Heretofore in pistons of ordinary types, a

v I F-plent-iful supply of metal has been usually provided in the head ;the greatest strain and in the walls where is bad, and the benefits of light weight'have been sacrificed for long l ilife and strength. I have discovered by exinte ral ,is-

perimentand practice that an a minimum ton may be. provided: having weight and yet with a substantial reduction .in the thickness of the metal around the skirt and in the head, by

the provision of scien- Itifically arranged and proportioned ribs-on the inner side of thehead so and skirt, and

serving to'connect these portions in such a. 'manner that the successive impacts from the gas explbsions will be resisted effectively by Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. Reissueti which case the skirt would approximate the radius of the iskiit, but in practice I have found that the that cast. iron is the best metal for Janet 37, 19212.

Application for 1921-; Serial No. 522,917.

the strain distril'iuted so that the lite of the piston will not be ordinarily effected. The arrangement of the ribs on the interior of the piston is such that the upper portions of said ribs are radially dis-- posed on the inner side of the head and exthe head and tend outwardly from the central portion of the head to the skirt, and have lower and downwardly extended portions longitudinallydisposed on the inner periphery of the skirt. The spacing of the ribs on said skirt number of ribs should exceed six, and, the greater the number of ribs, the greater the reinforcement for the skirt and head of the piston.

Furthermore, I have found in tn'actice use in a piston of this kind, and it is therefore an object of my invention to provide an integrally ribbed. cast iron piston, in which the ribs have portions radially disposed on the head, and other portions longitudinally disposed and extending substantially downwardly on the skirt, certain of said ribs intersecting and being aline-d with the wrist pin bosses usually provided in the skirt of the piston, so as to brace said bosses onthe skirt.

Itis a further object to provide. said ribs of such form and character that they will serve to thoroughly brace the upper port-ion of the skirt which is usually of substantially greater thickness than the lower portiong itig :cylinder p r g metal; a thefheadI-nraylbe ninlmlzed, and

' likewise, the thicknessgof m l I Fig. 1 isa bottbm plan of niy improved piston. i

Fig. 2 section.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the same,

is a top plan of the sarne, partly in partly in section.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view, in perspective, of the lnterior of the piston.

Similar characters of reference are em-.

ployed in the several views of the drawing.

and in the specification for indicating the same and like parts;

Referring now, more in detail to the drawa ing, my improved piston will be seen to embbdy thc usual form ofcommercial piston,

with the head portion ly the wall 2 having I I adjacent said head being substantially.

ring grooves 3, therein and wrist in bosses 4, being formed integral therewith, as-usual. The castingjis so formed that'the thickness of the said head and wall may be as little as possible and et be rigidenoiigh Y for vuse, a plurality of ri s R, R, etc., six or more, -=being" formed at re ular intervals to the head; Other ribs men 5 formly spaced with'f respect' t and the upper portions thereof servetobiace "bottom of the and that theflweakest of the head, is brace b'y tapered around the interior of the plstonwhich; ra-

diate from th'e center and are tapered from their upper portions to their lower extrernities.

A central dependin lug Linay be formed" on the inner side oft e head 1, b means of which the piston may be centere in'a lathe: or other finishing machine, and an annular rib 5 may be formed concentrically around said lug for affording rigidityito the head} The portions 4', 1', etc., of the'ribs R, R; etc stop short ofithe center, or may connect with the concentric rib 5, andk, taper radially therefrom so as to afl'ordjadditio'na l" rigidity .9 :i R, etc., andalined'with the pin fbo's'se' s said bosses againstthe heal tions of the skirt ,',whi1e th 1",fr' thereof serve to "bra against the lower portionof the lower end of the ski r annular rib: a, which so sjt jisteni o f Tribe a n willbe obvieas that shown and described willf distribiite the strain equally over the piston ski head,

int, i. din

I ribs the wall of the piston thus obviating anyj b Yak; age at this oint due to the explosions I s y r edi w is *the' ends thereof, the, p above lsaidf bosses b (greater: thickness.

i h ewe: porti n o isaid Ski!" 1 than the rpdius of said skirt,said rib skirt; certain said ribs "being algnd Iw tions of said ribs terminating short i l i h i or this reasonthe thicknessgof:

efficiency orat-any pointweakening the piston structure vitally. At the bottom of the lowest of the ring' grooves 3, a shoulder is provided which forms .an annular rib o reinforcing the wall of thepiston.

. member;

2. A piston embodying a structurehaving integral head and skirt portions of castiron, said head being circular and said skirt an-' nular, and theupper: portion of saidskirt thicker than the'lower portion thereof, a pluralityo'f ribs, integrally formed on said- ,hea nd k rt and avi g t r uppe r tio'nsjradially'disposed on said 'headjand' gradually increasing in area from their in- }nermost extremities outwardly and their lower portions extending downwardly in longit-udinal planes on said skirt and, radually' 95 decreasing in areadownwardly an v connecting said headfiand theupperandlowerpon tions of said skirt and spaced apart their ner extremities, of the uppcill' portions of saig ee-eate Sui ribs terminatin' 's hort o heads as descri 3,; A piston embody ng ture having a cylindr a1 headj m g saidlskirt' of substantially uniform v rality of ribs relag es a head vspaced. on said skirt at vdista upper portions integral with said liead and gradually increasing in area outwardlyz l lr and downwardly extending lower portions-i9 ongitudina-llydisposed on said skirt" and" graduallydecreasing iii area downward v for uniformly bracing "said head ame d and interseotingsaid bosses','f the'u per p center of the head, as described; 1 1 

